HTML
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
A markup language is a set of markup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Documents = Web Pages
HTML documents describe web pages
HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
.HTM or .HTML File Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.Example <h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.Example <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.Example <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.Example <img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" />
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:Start tag * Element content End tag *
<p> This is a paragraph </p>
<a href="default.htm" > This is a link </a>
<br />
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
Some HTML elements have empty content
Empty elements are closed in the start tag
Most HTML elements can have attributes
Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.
Nested HTML Elements
Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements).
HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
HTML Document Example <html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The example above contains 3 HTML elements.
HTML Example Explained
The <p> element:<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>.
The element content is: This is my first paragraph.
The <body> element:<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document.
The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
The element content is another HTML element (a p element).
The <html> element: <html>
<body>
<p>This is my first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.
The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
The element content is another HTML element (the body element).
Don't Forget the End Tag
Some HTML elements might display correctly even if you forget the end tag: <p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph
The example above works in most browsers, because the closing tag is considered optional.
Never rely on this. Many HTML elements will produce unexpected results and/or errors if you forget the end tag .
Empty HTML Elements
HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
<br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break).
Tip: In XHTML, all elements must be closed. Adding a slash inside the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements in XHTML (and XML).
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Tags
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>. Many web sites use uppercase HTML tags.
W3Schools use lowercase tags because the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase in HTML 4, and demands lowercase tags in XHTML.
Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
HTML elements can have attributes
Attributes provide additional information about an element
Attributes are always specified in the start tag
Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
Attribute Example
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute:Example <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
Always Quote Attribute Values
Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes.
Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed.
Tip: In some rare situations, when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
HTML Tip: Use Lowercase Attributes
Attribute names and attribute values are case-insensitive.
However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation.
Newer versions of (X)HTML will demand lowercase attributes.
HTML Attributes Reference
A complete list of legal attributes for each HTML element is listed in our:
Complete HTML Reference
Below is a list of some attributes that are standard for most HTML elements:Attribute Value Description
class classname Specifies a classname for an element
id id Specifies a unique id for an element
style style_definition Specifies an inline style for an element
title tooltip_text Specifies extra information about an element (displayed as a tool tip)
For more information about standard attributes:
HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.Example <h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3>
Headings Are Important
Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold.
Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages.
Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure.
H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page.
The hr element can be used to separate content:Example <p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<hr />
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:Example <!-- This is a comment -->
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.
HTML Tag Reference
W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial.Tag Description
<html> Defines an HTML document
<body> Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6> Defines HTML headings
<hr /> Defines a horizontal line
<!--> Defines a comment
Earn upto Rs. 9,000 pm checking Emails. Join now!
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.Example <p>This is a paragraph</p>
<p>This is another paragraph</p>
Don't Forget the End Tag
Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag:Example <p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is another paragraph
The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors.
Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.
HTML Line Breaks
Use the <br /> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:Example <p>This is<br />a para<br />graph with line breaks</p>
<br> or <br />
In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, HTML elements with no end tag (closing tag) are not allowed.
Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.
HTML Output - Useful Tips
You cannot be sure how HTML will be displayed. Large or small screens, and resized windows will create different results.
With HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.
The browser will remove extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed. Any number of lines count as one line, and any number of spaces count as one space.
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text.
HTML Basic Document Quick list of All tags in HTML
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference). Often <strong> renders as <b>, and <em> renders as <i>.
However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:
<b> or <i> defines bold or italic text only.
<strong> or <em> means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
HTML Text Formatting TagsTag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text
HTML "Computer Output" TagsTag Description
<code> Defines computer code text
<kbd> Defines keyboard text
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<tt> Defines teletype text
<var> Defines a variable
<pre> Defines preformatted text
HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition TagsTag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation
<acronym> Defines an acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a long quotation
<q> Defines a short quotation
<cite> Defines a citation
<dfn> Defines a definition term
The HTML <font> Tag Should NOT be Used
The <font> tag is deprecated in HTML 4, and removed from HTML5.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations.
In HTML 4, style sheets (CSS) should be used to define the layout and display properties for many HTML elements.
The example below shows how the HTML could look by using the <font> tag:Example <p>
<font size="5" face="arial" color="red">
This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color.
</font>
</p>
<p>
<font size="3" face="verdana" color="blue">
This paragraph is in Arial, size 5, and in red text color.
</font>
</p>
With our HTML editor, you can edit the HTML, and click on a button to view the result.Example <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<video width="320" height="240" controls="controls">
<source src="movie.ogg" type="video/ogg" />
<source src="movie.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="movie.webm" type="video/webm" />
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of document goes here</title>
</head>
<body>
Visible text goes here...
</body>
</html>
Heading Elements
<h1>Largest Heading</h1>
<h2> . . . </h2>
<h3> . . . </h3>
<h4> . . . </h4>
<h5> . . . </h5>
<h6>Smallest Heading</h6>
Text Elements
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<br /> (line break)
<hr /> (horizontal rule)
<pre>This text is preformatted</pre>
Logical Styles
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<strong>This text is strong</strong>
<code>This is some computer code</code>
Physical Styles
<b>This text is bold</b>
<i>This text is italic</i>
Links
Ordinary link: <a href="http://www.example.com/">Link-text goes here</a>
Image-link: <a href="http://www.example.com/"><img src="URL" alt="Alternate Text" /></a>
Mailto link: <a href="mailto:webmaster@example.com">Send e-mail</a>
A named anchor:
<a name="tips">Tips Section</a>
<a href="#tips">Jump to the Tips Section</a>
Unordered list
<ul>
<li>Item</li>
<li>Item</li>
</ul>
Ordered list
<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Second item</li>
</ol>
Definition list
<dl>
<dt>First term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
<dt>Next term</dt>
<dd>Definition</dd>
</dl>
Tables
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Tableheader</th>
<th>Tableheader</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sometext</td>
<td>sometext</td>
</tr>
</table>
Frames
<frameset cols="25%,75%">
<frame src="page1.htm" />
<frame src="page2.htm" />
</frameset>
Forms
<form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp" method="post/get">
<input type="text" name="email" size="40" maxlength="50" />
<input type="password" />
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
<input type="radio" checked="checked" />
<input type="submit" value="Send" />
<input type="reset" />
<input type="hidden" />
<select>
<option>Apples</option>
<option selected="selected">Bananas</option>
<option>Cherries</option>
</select>
<textarea name="comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea>
</form>
Entities
< is the same as <
> is the same as >
© is the same as ©
Other Elements
<!-- This is a comment -->
<blockquote>
Text quoted from a source.
</blockquote>
<address>
Written by W3Schools.com<br />
<a href="mailto:us@example.org">Email us</a><br />
Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br />
Phone: +12 34 56 78
</address>
Alternatively, you can grow your network by sharing any of the following links.
http://mGinger.com/index.jsp?inviteId=7101645
http://mGinger.com/index.jsp?inviteId=husnalkaur91
http://mGinger.com/index.jsp?inviteId=9914834341
2 Dollars for each Click Free to Join
http://www.twodollarclick.com/index.php?ref=husnal
No comments:
Post a Comment